As the rapid development of advanced composite material and its processing technique, the field is created in global airlines, new-style plane begins more and more use advanced composite material. Composite material structural member is depending on good fatigue resistance can, decrease brace up function, be able to bear or endure function of damp and hot, and have taller than intensity, and safeguard easily repair wait for a characteristic, be used extensively by aircraft manufacturing industry gradually. And small-sized and official machine and athletic plane use low cost increasingly to make a technology, will advance market of this kinds of plane to have rate (graph 1) . Graph airlines of domestic and international composite material develops aircraft of official business of 1 complete composite material at present, official machine has the main composite material on international: Saisina 350 reach 400 aircrafts, part of its plane structural member, crucial construction if alar bridge, airframe bridge, level is stable face, operate all use carbon the face / composite material does not have annulus oxygen abb fabric shop of handiwork of dip belt classics is folded and become beforehand. The light plane SR20 of Xi Rui company, SR22, all also be E glass / annulus oxygen composite material structure, its ala bridge was used beforehand dip belt folds autoclave to shape via manual shop technology. The DA20 Eclipse of diamond aircraft company, DA40, and the DA42 plane of double hair, basically use structure of interlining of fibre glass envelope, newest the single shot D-JET that roll out exceeds small jet aircraft to use structure of carbon fiber composite material mostly. Of Adam company exceed A700 of light supersonic plane and A500 plane and guest of American a person of extraordinary powers to compare rare company " premier Ⅰ " , its airframe structure is for the most part enhance composite material of beehive with filling to be made by carbon fiber, increase at cubage of groovy production cabin relatively 13% . Be in the United States, wider application receives in general aviation to yield composite material, make inning of vendor of business, data, university, confederative aviation by flying mechanism (FAA) with bureau of American aviation space navigation (NASA) in lab of technology of advanced and general aviation (AGATE) built the database that can use composite material, and by FAA approve the technicality of relevant data, manufacturer people material can be chosen in can use composite material database, shorten greatly so research and development is periodic, reduce experimental amount thereby funds of managing research and development. Under photograph comparing, the progress of Chinese global airlines appears slower, the use that global airlines uses composite material is less also. Up to by 2009, our country general aerostat has more than 900 only, secure alar plane to occupy among them 82% , helicopter is occupied 18% . Current, the official machine amount of Chinese churchyard operation does not exceed 30, it is American 1/600 only. The global aircraft manufacturing industry of our country still is in start level, its industry dimensions small, maturity is low, the state is relatively strict also to the policy of low altitude, these restricted development of our country general aerial greatly. After low altitude is opened, the development of global airlines market just is multiplied situation and case, present a lively picture. But what we face is the formidable competitor on international, the data system that they have maturity, advanced workmanship and production manage a technology, we are compared to it, far apart. With in boat industry is connected fly for the representing's home global aircraft manufacturer wants to wait for general aviation market to be occupied in official machine position, first job is to adopt the composite material with faster and more advanced, efficient, lower cost to make a technology ceaselessly, and more seed profit, effective manufacturing management technique, the low cost that realizes machine of composite material official business only makes a technology, just be to infiltrate the only way of effective of global airlines market. Mechanism of official business of low cost composite material builds a technology to realize the low cost of machine of composite material official business to make, need from material, make, shape the way to deal with a situation that the respect such as craft considers to reduce cost. Through using cost inferior but the raw material that does not affect performance again; Improvement shapes craft, use structural whole to shape; Improve join craft to wait, it is the kind that reduces cost to be able to be sought. Compare the autoclave technology that structural member of composite material of traditional military airplane uses, composite material structural member basically uses official machine solidify furnace vacuumize adds Wen Cheng craft (craft of abbreviation solidify furnace) the workmanship that is a kind of low cost. Current, boat industry connected flying company to begin mechanism of official business of low cost composite material to build a technology to consider from the following respects in (graph 2) . Graph 2 whole make shaping navigate airframe of 150 composite material structure of 1 integration composite material shapes craft to realize official machine low cost is light quantify workmanship of composite material structure, craft branch analyses craft of structure of integration composite material to make a characteristic, decided structure of integration composite material shapes craft. Whole shapes the technology of efficient, low cost that the technology is advantage of sufficient play composite material and characteristic. Below the premise that in contented structure overall performance asks, whole shapes the technology can make many parts part integral structure solidify shapes, reduced shape the equipment in the process uses cost and man-hour. Whole shapes the technology reduced spare parts amount and fastener amount, reduce tractor dry mass then, reduce cost to make cost especially, it is a kind of effective method that reduces official mechanism to make cost. Global plane load is small, structural ply is thin, with increasing stability is main contradiction. The structure that add muscle and interlining structure are 2 kinds of typical forms that increase stability of thin wall structure. Interlining structure stability is good, face plate not only bear cut, and can participate in entirely bear draw the strength that press an axis, it is one kind bears the weight of efficiency the structure with tall, light weight. Global airlines uses this to plant tall bear the weight of efficiency structure, can reduce structural weight, reduce cost. Should develop composite material adequately to bear the weight of reduce heavy benefit, must depend on optimize a technology effectively. Through optimizing an analysis, adjust order of direction of scale of lay up constituent, lay up, laid to wait, make composite material structure is in level of reasonable stress meet an emergency, produce composite material advantage to the greastest extent. Navigate structure of 150 planes composite material is main raw material is to choose the carbon fiber that has obtained comfortable boat certificate of approval beforehand dip makings, include carbon fiber among them fabric of one-way belt, carbon fiber and fibre glass fabric beforehand dip makings. The impact that pounds pair of composite material function considering low speed is very big, the form of lay up of all structural member of 150 planes uses pilot more 45 ° , in order to because pound the compression of generation accidentally,be overcome function drops overmuch blemish. Experiment through theoretical analysis and craft, to airframe in all solidify is out of shape the problem undertakes comprehensive assessment. Through whole in all solidify is made avoid to injure composite material fibrous successional, reduce the stiffness of composite material and fatigue sex thereby, increase statified the odds that waits for blemish. Analyse a result according to the experiment, to shaping tool face undertakes necessary design is compensated, design a requirement with making sure function of production precision, structure is contented. Because airframe external form is complex,tool of 2 integration composite material designs production technology, using whole to shape when the technology, must want to wait for the element influence to product precision considering hot coefficient of expansion, to solve carbon fiber composite material spare parts and shape the consistency problem that coefficient of expansion heats up between tool, use carbon fiber composite material to make shape tool is a right choice. Use heat of composite material tool to bilge coefficient and place shape the characteristic of part close, the airframe structural member with reasonable design shapes tool, shape with composite material tool airframe of carbon fiber composite material is shaped with because tool is mixed,avoiding the heat between the spare parts bilges coefficient difference and the problem of deviation of spare parts curvature that cause. Of composite material tool shape the method has a variety of, have already beforehand dip expects / autoclave or solidify furnace shape, also have wet / solidify furnace shapes, still vacuum inject shapes etc. Make the ingredient such as precision of wear of periodic, tool, tool face and dimension precision considering tool, consider cost factor at the same time, the choice is used " beforehand dip expects manual shop is stuck + solidify furnace shapes craft " and " dry tissue + vacuum assists perfusion to shape " two kinds of different technique make composite material of construction of official machine whole shape tool. In experiment process, choose the tool material of British ACG company and production of American AIRTECH company respectively, the element such as function of period of the price through comparing data, keep in storage, technical properties and precision of production cost, tool face, wear, airtight, result of integration analysis test, valence compares final determinism material of tool of first-rate composite material. The flow of type selecting of system of Nextpage tool data is shown 3 times like the graph. Had been aimed at the air-tightness that crosses tool to ask, will use respectively first the sealed method, control sticks the dosage that receive a dose method after stoving, and bring to bear on to stick the method that accepts pressure to assure to transfer appropriately the air-tightness of tool. Composite material shapes the gel coat layer of tool surface is the influence shapes the important segment of tool air-tightness, be opposite to assure gel coat layer the adherent force of layer of composite material noumenon, need undertakes craft experiment will decide gel coat layer is optimal ply, optimal the means that brush besmear and the time that brush besmear, check test result finally through adherent force check. Using composite material tool while, prop up a technology considering tool even. Design a series of rigid to join respectively (namely gripper shoe and shape very close to each other is unoccupied place between tool template) join with flexibility (gripper shoe and shape the space that there is 2~3mm between tool template or clearance use silicon balata stuff) experiment, pass test result, decide most reasonable flexibility supports plan (graph 4) . Graph 4 tool are flexible craft of 3 low cost assists join form material is based on low cost to shape the craft main demand to assisting material, the auxiliary data system with applicable choice can reduce mechanism of composite material official business effectively to make cost. The main demand of auxiliary material select material is: The solidify temperature of composite material structural member is 125 ℃ left and right sides commonly, can ensure below vacuum pressure the complete solidify of material, assure good in-house quality. The solidify temperature of material (temperature of the solidify after including) be less than 120 ℃ , satisfy the quality requirement of composite material structural member. Structural member of traditional military plan composite material makes chosen auxiliary material, it is foreign import data for the most part, the price is high. Boat industry is connected in flying to what in view of official machine composite material structural member uses is solidify furnace craft, low to according with cost shapes the auxiliary data system that craft asks, combinative craft requirement and quality requirement undertake full-scale function test plans. Will undertake assessment to assisting material function through test result, in order to measure the craft applicability of auxiliary data system, apply to the low cost country of machine of composite material official business finally to produce craft to assist data system certainly. Low to according with cost shapes the data system that craft asks, requirement of design of farther union structure and the function experiment that comfortable boat test and verify asks arrangement is comprehensive plan (include different ambient conditions and scathing requirement to experiment to the influence degree of material function) . Will undertake assessment to material function through test result. Apply to advanced and official machine finally certainly the data system of different structure place and homebred replace data system. Adhesive bonding of structure of 4 integration composite material assembles technical integration to design opportunity of production composite material official business to employ structural member of complete composite material, its assemble means to already was joined to adhesive bonding by traditional mechanical join means transforms. Traditional mechanical join pattern injured composite material fibrous too much successional, reduced the stiffness of composite material and fatigue sex thereby, increased statified the odds that waits for blemish. Because this is in,composite material must be used complexly 2 times in assembling structural member adhesive bonding assembles a technology. In the meantime, assemble in composite material structural member in most abstain from take stress to assemble, the existence that assembles stress can destroy the tigidity of composite material and strength, abate composite material is able to bear or endure fatigue function. When be being assembled in the light of composite material model face cannot this one difficulty put forward make repairs and supply replacements strict tolerance allocates, it is in the manufacturing treatment process of the spare parts strict control, control coordinates the ply public errand that assembles face of joint of composite material spare parts and appearance public errand twice, make sure the harmony between the spare parts asks, satisfy the adhesive bonding quality of composite material structural member thereby. As degree of integration of composite material structure rise, of large size part be out of shape control and technology of module type butt joint become particularly important. Be out of shape control and technology of module type butt joint are to assure product quality, increase the base that assembles efficiency. Additional, turn to reduce global airlines a charge, the user often puts forward highway or railroad carries a requirement, wing, empennage and airframe still must be decomposed quickly, fast butt joint. Technology of module type butt joint satisfied the requirement of fast butt joint. The development direction of composition of composite material material is the integration of structure of implementation of do one's best, but the need that services as a result of structural design, craft, examination, must arrange proper design and craft depart face. Accordingly, structure of low cost composite material joins the technology is indispensable. But the weak point that joins place is composite material structure normally. According to statistic, to composite material structure, the destruction of 70 ％ above happens in join place. The characteristic of composite material anisotropy and brittleness, make the stress concentration of place of composite material join more serious than the metal, join sets dispute metal structure more complex also. Project application navigate 150 it is medium boat is general the plane is finite liability company is mixed according to CCAR-23 ministry of FAR-23 ministry research and development one model plane of composite material of complete carbon fiber. The plane uses next Chan Yi, small equal remaining part, sheet to hang down the groovy layout of end, can close before putting type at 3 o'clock landing gear, pressure boost cockpit, the 4 leaves airscrew of the engine of H85 turbine airscrew that configures company of the system of integrated boat cable that gives priority to body with Garmin1000, GE and Hartzell company, use double clutch operation, sheet to drive system, most Mahayana member 5 people. Have rate fast, range is far, take comfortable, battalion carries and uphold charge low characteristic. Its basically design parameter to be: Plane overall length 10. 226m, the ala is exhibited 11.
082m, complete machine is expensive 3.
513m.
1680kg of empty machine weight, 2650kg of the greatest takeoff weight, 600km/h of the oldest flat flying rate, 8530m of the greatest use height, 2500 Km of distant ship sail. Structure of 150 planes principal part uses pilot whole of interlining of beehive of carbon fiber composite material shapes (graph 5) , structural member of integral adhesive bonding basically has: In airframe, hind aileron of airframe, wing, equal remaining part, front of a garment, elevator, rudder. Among them in airframe whole in all solidify shapes, wing uses adhesive bonding 2 times to shape. The equal remaining part and wing and airframe, airframe contact join form that uses crossing-over structure. Those who formed integral part is modular design and make, reduced safeguard reach carriage cost. Graph machine of official business of low cost of 150 light-duty and official opportunity makes 5 navigate industry of the boat in looking into advanced composite material to make a technology make an enterprise include for the plane is connected fly brought tremendous benefit, the production quality that increased official chance not only, shortened manufacturing cycle, reduced manufacturing cost, having all in all effect to improving the performance of the plane at the same time. Face country's huge global airlines market, each country is contending for conflicting to seize. In this process, realize low cost, fast, efficient production ability to be hit quite only win this market battle. Production technology of low cost composite material is sure to be in ceaseless technology is explored and comprehensive promotion gets in progress of science and technology. We must promote own innovation ability, production process capability ceaselessly, take the management concept of low cost, efficient, high quality, occupy in general aviation domain position. CNC Milling
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